An Overview of Existing Policies

  1. European Convention on Human Rights - Article 10

    This excerpt outlines the right to freedom of expression, encompassing the freedom to hold opinions and share information without interference from public authorities, irrespective of borders. However, it also permits states to impose licensing requirements on broadcasting, television, or cinema enterprises despite this right.

    Source: https://fra.europa.eu/en/eu-charter/article/11-freedom-expression-and-information

  2. The UNCAC, or United Nations Convention Against Corruption, is an international agreement that holds signatory states, including the EU and its Member States, legally bound to combat corruption. The UNCAC creates a framework for countries to establish anti-corruption policies, strengthen institutions, and increase transparency and accountability in public and private sectors worldwide. However, some countries may be hesitant to implement the UNCAC provisions due to concerns about sovereignty or perceived interference in domestic affairs. These countries may resist external oversight or scrutiny of their anti-corruption efforts, which can hinder international cooperation and collaboration. While the UNCAC requires individual countries to implement its provisions and enforce anti-corruption measures, the capacity for enforcement can vary significantly between countries. Some countries may lack the necessary resources, political will, or institutional capacity to effectively combat corruption .

    Source:https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-security/corruption/fighting-corruption-global-level

  3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - Article 19

    Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a provision of a United Nations (UN) treaty. 174 countries parties to the ICCPR. It guarantees the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers and through any media. However, this right may be subject to certain restrictions that are necessary to respect the rights or reputations of others, protect national security, public order, or public health or morals.

    Source: https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/01