An Overview of Existing Initiatives: 

1. Failed initiative to expansion:

• G4 Nations Proposal: The G4 nations (Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan) have advocated for permanent seats on the Security Council, citing their global economic and political influence. The G4 proposal includes adding six new permanent seats (including themselves) and four non-permanent seats.

• African Union Proposal: The African Union (AU) has called for two permanent seats with veto power and additional non-permanent seats for African nations, highlighting the continent's under representation despite being a significant contributor to UN peacekeeping missions.
  Link: https://www.jiia.or.jp/en/ajiss_commentary/on-pursuing-un-security-council-reform.html 

2. Attempt to change veto power 

• Responsibility Not to Veto (RN2V): campaign, initiated by civil society organizations, advocates for the voluntary restraint of the veto by permanent members in cases of mass atrocities, genocide, and crimes against humanity.
  The campaign emphasizes the moral obligation of UNSC members to prioritize human lives over national interests and to allow decisive action in dire humanitarian situations.

• French-Mexican Initiative:

  In 2013, France and Mexico proposed a voluntary restriction on the use of the veto in cases of mass atrocities. The initiative garnered support from several UN member states but did not lead to formal changes in UNSC procedures.
  link: https://ecr2p.leeds.ac.uk/security-council-veto-reform-avenue-for-progress-or-dead-end/ 

 
3. Reducing the use of veto power in cases of mass atrocities proposal  

• The Accountability, Coherence and Transparency (ACT) Group is a group of 27 states working to improve the working methods of the UN Security Council. In July 2015, the Accountability, Coherence and Transparency (ACT) Group proposed a "Code of Conduct regarding Security Council action against genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes," which calls upon all members of the Security Council (both permanent and elected) to not vote against any credible draft resolution intended to prevent or halt mass atrocities. As of 19 April 2018, the Code of Conduct has been signed by 114 member states and 2 observers.
  Link: https://cdilaw.org/unsc-code-of-conduct 

4. Prevention strategies attempts

One of the significant challenges facing efforts related to UN High-Level Meetings, Reports, the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC), and country-specific configurations within the PBC is the gap between policy discussions and practical implementation on the ground.

• UN High-Level Meetings and Reports: The United Nations has organized high-level meetings and summits focused on conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and national strategies.The UN Secretary-General periodically issues reports and assessments on global peace and security, including analyses of national prevention strategies and their effectiveness.

• Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) and Country-Specific Configurations: The UN Peacebuilding Commission plays a key role in coordinating international efforts in post-conflict peacebuilding and prevention strategies.Country-specific configurations within the PBC engage with national governments, civil society, and international partners to review and support the implementation of prevention strategies tailored to specific conflict contexts.
  Link: https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/commission/programme-of-work 

5. Diplomatic initiatives to  international cooperation on Nuclear ban

• New START Treaty Extension: The extension of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) between the United States and Russia in 2021 was a significant diplomatic initiative. Extending key arms control provisions provides stability in strategic nuclear arsenals and sets a positive precedent for future disarmament negotiations.
  Link: https://www.state.gov/on-the-extension-of-the-new-start-treaty-with-the-russian-federation/ 

• Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT): Continued efforts to promote the ratification and entry into force of the CTBT aim to ban all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes globally. Diplomatic outreach to key non-ratifying states, such as the United States and China, remains critical.  Link